Agnotology: The study of ignorance.
Algorithm: A procedure used to locate specific data within a collection of information. Also called a “search algorithm.”
Belief perseverance: The tendency to continue believing something even after learning that the foundation of the belief is false.
Bot: An automated online program; short for web robot.
Clickbait: Online content created with the primary purpose of attracting visitors and enticing them to click on a link to a specific web page.
Confirmation bias: The tendency to process new information as confirmation of the beliefs one already holds.
Cognitive bias: A mental-processing error (e.g., in reasoning, interpreting or remembering) that often results from clinging to preferences and beliefs in spite of contrary evidence.
Computational propaganda: The manipulation of information and communication technologies to influence attitudes, thinking processes and behavior.
Counterknowledge: Inaccurate information that is presented as fact and is believed by a critical mass of people.
Crowdsourcing: The practice of acquiring information for or contributions to a project by seeking the aid of a large number of people, usually via the internet.
Digital footprint: The information about a person that can be found online as a result of their internet activity.
Digital native: A person born or raised during the digital age and who is assumed to be familiar with the internet, computers and other digital technology from an early age.
Disinformation: False information that is disseminated to the media or other entities with the purpose of deceiving.
Fake news: Disinformation that is presented as news and optimized for online sharing.
Filter bubble: The limited perspective that can result from personalized search algorithms.
Group polarization: A group’s tendency to make more extreme decisions than its individual members would typically be inclined to make.
Groupthink: A group’s practice of thinking or making decisions in such a way that promotes harmony and conformity within the group at the expense of creativity or individual responsibility.
Homophily: The tendency to form connections with people who are similar to oneself.
Information cascade: A phenomenon in which people echo the opinions of others, usually online, even when their own opinions or exposure to information contradicts that opinion. When information cascades form a pattern, this pattern can begin to overpower later opinions by making it seem as if a consensus already exists.
Information diet: The kinds and quantity of information that a person consumes on a regular basis.
Information literacy: The ability to recognize the need for information and to locate, analyze and use it effectively in a variety of ways.
Information pollution: The tainting of available information with inaccuracy, redundancy and lack of quality.
Media hacking: The manipulation of electronic and online media, especially social media, to shape a particular narrative.
Meme: An image, video, phrase, symbol or other piece of culture that is meant to be funny and is shared widely via the internet, often with slight changes.
Sock puppet: An online user posing as another person—often a real person—usually to express their own views anonymously.
Sponsored content: An advertiser’s paid content in an online publication that takes on the look and qualities of that publisher’s editorial content.
Stealth marketing: The practice of paying people to promote products without revealing that those people are being compensated.
Troll: A person who engages in provocative or harassing online behavior using their real identity. Distinct from a Bot or a Sock puppet.
Two-sides fallacy: The presentation of an issue that makes it seem to have two sides of equal weight or significance, when in fact a consensus or much stronger argument supports just one side. Also called “false balance” or “false equivalence.”
Source: https://www.learningforjustice.org/magazine/fall-2017